In the post-war era of innovation and progress, the story of Fender Electric Instrument Company emerges as a pivotal narrative in the evolution of modern music. Founded by Leo Fender and Doc Kauffman in Fullerton, CA, in the autumn of 1945, the company quickly positioned itself at the forefront of musical instrument innovation. This article delves into the history, impact, and legacy of Fender, exploring the key events and decisions that shaped its journey from a small workshop to a global musical icon.
The Early Years: Foundation and Innovation
The partnership of Leo Fender and Doc Kauffman, albeit short-lived, marked the beginning of what would become a legendary name in music. By early 1946, Kauffman had left, leaving Fender to single-handedly drive the future of the Fender Electric Instrument Company. The introduction of the Esquire and Broadcaster models in 1950, which would soon evolve into the iconic Telecaster, marked Fender as the first company to successfully market solid body electric guitars. This innovation was not just a commercial success but a cultural revolution, laying the foundation for a new era in music.
Revolutionizing the Music Scene
The release of the Precision Bass in late 1951 was perhaps even more revolutionary than Fender's solid body guitars. As the first commercially successful solid body bass, the Precision Bass offered musicians unprecedented volume, clarity, and ease of playing. This innovation, followed by the introduction of the Stratocaster in 1954, cemented Fender's reputation. These instruments were not merely tools of music but catalysts for the birth of new genres and the evolution of music as we know it.
Fender Amplifiers: The Unsung Heroes
Parallel to the success of its instruments, Fender's amplifiers played a critical role in the evolution of music. The rich, clear tones produced by Fender amps enabled artists to explore new territories in sound, contributing significantly to the rock and roll revolution of the 1950s and 1960s. The amplifiers, with their distinctive sound and reliability, became as integral to music as the guitars they were paired with.
The CBS Era: Expansion and Challenge
The acquisition of Fender by CBS in 1965 marked a new chapter for the company. Initially, the infusion of CBS's resources allowed for expansion and the introduction of new lines. However, this period also saw a perceived decline in the quality of Fender instruments, a sentiment that lingered through the 1970s. In an effort to modernize and revitalize the brand, CBS appointed Bill Schultz as president in 1981, leading to significant changes in production and the introduction of Fender Japan.
Rebirth and Global Expansion
The sale of Fender to a group led by Schultz in 1985 was a turning point, marking the beginning of the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. Despite initial challenges, including the absence of US production facilities, the company rebounded with the launch of American Standard models and consolidated amplifier production. Today, Fender instruments are produced in facilities around the world, continuing the legacy of innovation and quality.
Legacy: The Pre-CBS Era and Beyond
For many collectors and players, instruments from the pre-CBS era represent the pinnacle of Fender's craftsmanship. The demand for these vintage instruments, particularly those in custom colors, extends even into the late 1960s models. While lower-end models and certain lines like the Coronados have not garnered the same acclaim, rare models such as the Montego and LTD archtops hold a special place among collectors.
The Evolution of Fender Basses
The Precision Bass set a new standard for electric basses, a legacy that continued until the Jazz Bass emerged as the preferred sound in the 1990s. Early models of both the Precision and Jazz basses are highly sought after by collectors, reflecting the enduring impact of Fender's innovations on music.
Material Innovation: Bakelite and Beyond
Fender's use of materials like Bakelite, or Phenolite for early pickguards, and the transition to rosewood fingerboards on maple necks, exemplify the company's innovative approach to instrument design. These material choices not only influenced the aesthetic and functional aspects of the instruments but also contributed to their distinctive sounds.
In conclusion, the history of Fender Electric Instrument Company is a testament to the power of innovation, vision, and resilience. From its humble beginnings in a small California workshop to its status as a global icon, Fender has left an indelible mark on the world of music. Through its pioneering instruments and amplifiers, Fender has not only shaped the sound of generations but has also played a central role in the evolution of musical expression itself.
Learn about the value of your Fender Guitars