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The Art of Description: A Practical Guide for Cataloging Personal Property

Jon Warren
In the world of antiques and collectibles, the ability to describe an object accurately is both an art and a science. To the uninitiated, the task may seem daunting, but it's essential for valuation, provenance research, and ensuring authenticity.

This guide will illuminate some of the important elements of effective description, providing a foundation for anyone seeking to accurately catalog their treasured possessions.

When Describing an Object, It Is Crucial to Include Details Such As...

Year

If the year the object was produced is known or can be determined always include this point in the description.

Maker or Manufacturer

The maker of an object is one of the most important details to record. Whether it is a painting, sculpture, or piece of furniture, the maker—be it an individual artist or a manufacturer—provides context, historical significance, and often a significant portion of the object's value.
Artworks. For fine art, identifying the artist is a key data point. Is it a Picasso or a lesser-known contemporary? The distinction could mean a difference of millions.
Antiques and Collectibles. In the realm of antiques, the maker could be a cabinetmaker like Thomas Chippendale or a porcelain manufacturer like Meissen. This information not only reveals quality but also cultural and historical context.
Automobiles. For cars, the manufacturer (e.g., Ford or Aston Martin) conveys essential information about style, performance, and pedigree. The maker’s reputation and the year in which the vehicle was produced are critical considerations.

Always inspect the object carefully for maker’s marks, signatures, or logos, which might be subtle or hidden.

Brand

In some instances, the brand differs from the maker, and this distinction is critical. Brands often carry their own cachet and market recognition, independent of the manufacturer.
Examples. While Mattel is the maker of Barbie dolls, "Barbie" is the brand. Similarly, Hot Wheels is a brand owned by Mattel.
Why It Matters. Brands evoke emotional resonance and can significantly influence value. For collectors, a branded object often has an established niche market, complete with dedicated resources for research and valuation.

Dimensions

Accurate measurements are indispensable when cataloging an object. Dimensions not only help determine the practicality of owning or displaying an item but also serve as a means of authentication.
Artwork and Posters. For example, an authentic 20th-century movie poster often measures 27 x 41 inches, while modern reprints tend to measure 24 x 36. Such distinctions can make the difference between a rare, valuable collectible and a decorative reproduction.
Sculptures and Furniture. For sculptures, the height, width, and depth are essential, while with furniture, additional measurements like seat height or drawer dimensions are important.
Precision is key. Use a reliable measuring tool and include units (inches, centimeters) to avoid confusion.

Type of Item

Personal property falls into broad and specific categories, and accurately identifying the type of item is a fundamental goal of description.
Category. Examples include wine, coins, cars, paintings, dolls, stamps, and countless others. Within each category, subcategories further delineate objects. For instance, coins can be modern, ancient, or commemorative.
Why It Matters. Proper categorization ensures that the object reaches the correct audience, whether it is being appraised, sold, or simply studied.

Pertinent Markings or Text

Experts instinctively inspect an object for markings, which can range from a signature on a painting to a hallmark on silverware. These details often tell the object's story.
Locations to Check. Examine the back, bottom, or edges of the item. On paintings, inspect the canvas stretcher or frame for handwritten notes. For ceramics, turn the piece over to locate maker’s marks or stamps.
Text or Inscriptions. Textual elements such as engravings, dedications, or even handwritten notes can provide clues to the item's history or ownership.

Photograph and record these details carefully, as they are often pivotal in determining authenticity and value.

Model Name or Number

The model name or number is another critical piece of information, particularly for manufactured items.
Examples. A Ford Mustang differs significantly from a Ford Taurus, and collectors want precise details about the model year and trim. Similarly, a Rolex Submariner and a Rolex Datejust are distinct models with differing markets and values.
Where to Look. Model numbers are often engraved, stamped, or printed discreetly on the item. For watches, they are typically found on the case back or inside the case; for electronics, they may be on a label or engraved on the body.

Country of Origin

The country where an object was produced offers crucial information about its materials, craftsmanship, and cultural significance.
Historical Context. A violin made in 18th-century Italy, for instance, may suggest a connection to the celebrated Stradivari workshop, whereas a modern reproduction from another country will carry less significance.
Trade Practices. Country of origin can also reflect historical trade practices and geopolitical influences, adding layers of narrative to the object.

Look for clear indicators, such as stamps, labels, or written documentation, to confirm the object's origin.

Suggested Reading

For those seeking to refine their descriptive skills, the following resources provide invaluable guidance:
Books
The Art of Authentication by David Lee
Collecting and Provenance by Charlotte Wood
Antique Trader Antiques & Collectibles Price Guide by Eric Bradley

Websites
Sotheby’s
iGuide.net
Antiques Trade Gazette

Each resource delves into the nuances of cataloging, from identifying makers to decoding marks, and provides case studies for practical application.

Conclusion

In closing, the art of description is both a meticulous practice and a gateway to understanding the objects we cherish. By paying close attention to the maker or manufacturer, brand, dimensions, type of item, markings, model name or number, and country of origin, you can paint a vivid picture of any item’s identity.

For the uninitiated, these details might seem overwhelming at first. However, with time, practice, and the right resources, describing art, antiques, and collectibles becomes a rewarding journey into history, culture, and craftsmanship.

So pick up your magnifying glass, take careful notes, and start your cataloging adventure with confidence.

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